Showing posts with label Ray Smock. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ray Smock. Show all posts

Monday, September 14, 2020

Electrical Storms

 “The lofty pine is oftenest shaken by the winds; High towers fall with a heavier crash; And the lightning strikes the highest mountain.” Horace, Roman poet during the reign of Augustus
One hundred years ago, according to the Chesterton Tribune’s “Echoes of the Past” column, a severe electrical storm struck Northwest Indiana. Hawley Olmstead, President of the Prairie Club, was struck by lightning near his group’s clubhouse in the Lake Michigan dunes and died instantly. His friend Kenneth Ross, was caught in an undertow and drowned. A bolt of lightning struck a horse belonging to Chesterton resident Mrs. Joseph Wozniak, knocking it to the ground and rendering it unable to walk for some time. Mail service aviator Frederick Robinson took off from Gary, but the dire weather conditions forced him to make an emergency landing in a field near the Porter Swedish Lutheran Church.

When we lived atop a sand dune within the Indiana National Lakeshore, now a national park, we frequently observed lightning storms nearby over Lake Michigan. If they were accompanied by loud thunderclaps, we grew apprehensive. Usually, the worst consequence was losing power, though sometimes we’d be without electricity for hours or even days. Once, however, a bolt of lightning hit our house. While in the kitchen we smelled a worrisome odor emanating from the fireplace room. Our record player had been damaged; the smell was an electrical fire, and sparks were coming from the appliance. Toni quickly unplugged the device from the power source (the socket) and, except for the foul odor, averted greater damage. Later we found evidence out back that our house had been struck.
Golden Gate Bridge and orange sky
Thunderstorms are causing hundreds of wildfires throughout the west coast that have burned millions of acres, forced the evacuation of thousands of residents, and left the air quality in cities such as San Francisco so poor that breathing it into one’s lungs for a sustained length of time is the equivalent to smoking a carton of cigarettes. Fierce winds, draught conditions, and intense heat due to global warming have created near-apocalyptic conditions. As California governor Gavin Newsom declared, the future climatologists warned us about is upon us.
Oregon blaze
Jerry Pierce wrote that his mother in Oregon is living less than 30 miles from one of the many out-of-control fires.   Ray Smock recalled:
    I can remember when the skies in Gary, IN and Pittsburgh, PA looked forest-fire orange most of the time, sometimes depending on the wind, or when a stagnant inversion layer held smokestack emissions low. And the smell was awful. We got rid of a lot of the industrial pollution, only to succumb to our global failure to keep the planet's atmosphere from carbon dioxide pollution. Carbon dioxide is an invisible gas, but burning forests make it all too visible in other ways.
    As the physicist George Feynman reminds us, trees come from the air. They take in carbon dioxide from the air. They take in water that falls from the air. They convert carbon dioxide into a carbon-based thing called wood. They exhale some of the oxygen. When they burn, they release all their carbon dioxide, all their wood, and return to the air and leave a residue of ash.
    The fires will get worse. The skies will be orange more often. The CO2 in the air will increase. Nature is out of balance already. Not from the old industrial pollution, which helped, but from our current disregard over the last 30 years to stop the imbalance. This is so far beyond the old industrial pollution. Humans have just about changed the planet enough that we have basically ruined it for future generations. Even the trees, from which our species evolved, have turned on us because we have made it too hot for them to keep helping us.

When a teenager living on Third and Fillmore in Gary, Dorothy Mokry recalled trying to cross Fourth Avenue when it started storming and having her hands upright when she got a shock on her left hand and actually noticed sparks coming off her fingers.  It freaked her out and ever since, she worries about being outside during a lightning storm. She added: “Plus, now I have hardware in my ankle and always worry that it’s like an electrical conductor.” 

Before delivering a talk on “Novels as Social History” to my Saturday Evening Club (SEC) colleagues via zoom, Dave helped me get set up so the lighting and background were adequate.  After mentioning books I read on my own, such as “Peyton Place,” “To Kill a Mockingbird,” “Advise and Consent,” “Hawaii,” and “In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash,” plus so-called nonfiction novels by “New Journalists” Tom Wolfe, Truman Capote, Hunter S. Thompson, and Norman Mailer, I cited novels I assigned in twentieth-century American history courses, such a “The Jungle,” “Babbitt,” “The Grapes of Wrath,” “Native Son,” “The Catcher in the Rye,” “Breakfast of Champions,” and “Rabbit Is Rich.” Finally, I read excerpts from my three favorite current favorite writers: Richard Russo, Anne Tyler, and Elizabeth Strout.
Larry Galler and Pat Bankston; below Vonnegut self-portrait 


As customary, each SEC member reacted to the talk for 5-10 minutes.  Most were complimentary.  Former IUN colleague Pat Bankston, now living in Florida, brought up having read the nineteenth-century William Thackeray novel “Vanity Fair” in college.  VU emeritus professor Hugh McGuigan noted that Charles Dickens and other English novelists first published their works in serialized form in magazines. Ben Studebaker brought up the current vogue for fantasy novels such as the Harry Potter series.  Larry Galler quipped that I was the first SEC speaker to use the utter the phrases mother fucker and blow job.  I had observed that many libraries banned Kurt Vonnegut’s “Slaughterhouse Five” (1969), supposedly because it contained dirty words.  In one scene in question G.I. Billy Pilgrim, Vonnegut’s alter ego, froze under fire, prompting Roland Weary to yell, “Get out of the road, you dumb motherfucker!”  Then Vonnegut added: “The last word was still a novelty in the speech of white people in 1944. It was fresh and astonishing to Billy, who had never fucked anybody – and it did its job. It woke him up and got him off the road.” I also quoted from John Updike’s  novella “Rabbit Remembered” where grandson Roy joked about Bill Clinton’s sexual proclivities during the Senate impeachment trial:
   One wisecrack went: “President Clinton was visiting Oklahoma City after the May 3rd tornado and a man whose house was demolished put up a sign: HEY BILL HOWS THIS FOR A BLOW JOB.” His father thought to himself, “After this Lewinsky business, even kindergarten kids know about blow jobs.”  

Sunday, August 30, 2020

Monkey Business


“Democracy is the art and science of running the circus from the monkey cage.  H. L. Mencken


The phrase “monkey business” is an offshoot of the nineteenth-century word “monkeyshine” and suggests morally questionable or otherwise objectionable behavior.  A 1952 comedy of that name starred Cary Grant as scientist hoping to invent an elixir to keep people from aging and co-starred Ginger Rogers and Marilyn Monroe.  In 1987 unprincipled reporters looking to bring down Democratic frontrunner Gary Hart discovered that the married Colorado senator had boarded a pleasure boat named the Monkey Business with his attractive paramour Donna Rice.




Front page NWI Times headline: “Meer’s charges dropped.”  Shortly before last November’s Michigan City election, LaPorte County prosecutor John Lake charged two-time Mayor Ron Meer with six felonies in connection with allegedly intervening on behalf of his step-son, who was arrested for drug possession following a traffic stop. After Meers requested that the arresting officers be reassigned, Police Chief Mark Swistek and two assistants resigned.  Meer, a Democrat, subsequently lost his bid for a third term by 79 votes to Duane Parry, the first Republican mayor of Michigan City in 40 years. Defense attorney Scott King, formerly mayor of Gary, had called the charges a “political hit job,” and greeted the dropped charges wit this statement: “Nothing has changed my mind that these were political considerations made in the bringing of these charges literally of the eve of an election.”




For the past year the Merrillville FBI office has evidently been seeking to gather dirt on former Gary officials who had worked for Gary mayor Karen Freeman Wilson.  While no grand jury indictments have as yet been forthcoming, the Trump-appointed U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Indiana Thomas L. Kirsch recently charged longtime Whiting mayor Joe Stahura with using political donations totaling over $200,000 to pay off personal debts stemming from gambling at casinos and race tracks. He and his wife also redirected large sums of money to settle debts incurred by their daughter.  Mayor since 2004 and a council member for 20 years before that, Stafura helped develop a lakefront park, an annual Pierogi Fest, and an interactive children’s museum and Mascot Hall of Fame. U.S. Attorney Kirsch dubbed the case “another black eye” for Northwest Indiana but is recommending leniency in return for the defendant’s cooperation with the federal investigation into his finances. As part of a plea bargain, Stafura agreed to resign and no charges were filed against his wife.


If the FBI and the U.S. Attorney’s office decide to target a politician, they have unlimited resources at their command and can browbeat officeholders into accepting plea bargains or face long the possibility of lengthy prison terms.  No wonder their conviction rate is well over 95 percent.  As longtime county officeholder John Petalas told Jerry Davich, author of “Crooked Politics in Northwest Indiana,” there is much less local corruption than in the mid-twentieth-century, but now U.S. attorneys have much more power and are much more aggressive in seeking convictions.  Petalas added:

    There are hundreds of elected and appointed officials who work in Lake County.  It is not fair to label everyone a crook because of a small minority who betray the public trust.  Every time one of these guys gets in trouble, they make bigger headlines than a double murder investigation.  The bigger the headlines, the bigger the perception that all politicians are crooks.  There are some elected officials in this part of the state who went to jail for things that are completely legal for state officials to commit.

Davich quoted me as saying, “It’s outrageous how U.S. Attorneys have gone after people like former Gary clerk Katie Hall and lake County surveyor George Van Til for petty things – such as their staff selling candy bars or picking up a tuxedo – while millions in so-called “legal graft” are siphoned into law firms for attorneys’ fees.”


 After violating the Hatch Act for making the White House the backdrop for his acceptance speech with a thousand guests sitting close together without masks, POTUS appeared at a New Hampshire rally where supporters booed upon hearing from a state official that masks were required.  Brenda Ann Love wrote: “My Grams has stopped going to church. It was really the only place she’s socialized since my grandfather died. Most of her friends are dead, and, as she says, “the Trump Idiots won’t wear masks. They think this is a hoax.”  She’s lived through the Depression, WWII, several other wars, and says she’s never been this scared.  And she called me Brenda Ann, so I know she was serious.”


photo by Ray Smock


Ray Smock wrote:

    I am sitting on our deck drinking coffee while reading the news of the aftermath Hurricane Laura, the fallout from the Republican convention, the latest police shooting in Kenosha, and the story of thousands gathered on the Mall in DC, just as they did 57 years ago, to call for racial justice in America.  Maybe the four-year-long hurricane that Trump unleashed on our country will be over soon and we will experience some calm and the sunlight of Truth. I desperately want the Trump storm to subside. I want political calm again, even though politics is never ever completely calm.

    Donald Trump has caused the belittling of government and the destruction of our Constitution. He weakened government just when we needed its help the most. His ineptness to lead us out of the pandemic, resulting in more American deaths than in all our recent wars, and throwing millions out of work with no federal lifeline, has done more harm than a century of hurricanes, earthquakes, and tsunamis.  We can rebuild from nature’s disasters. But how do we rebuild a whole nation back from the terrible, cruel, soulless winds of Trump? How do we find again the domestic tranquility mentioned in our Constitution?

    We can do this. We can restore our damaged political system. We need it now more than ever to work for all of us. We do not need chainsaws and bulldozers for this job. We need our ballots. We need to use them. Neither of our political parties is perfect. No one of us has all the answers of how best to fix major problems. But it should be clear to enough of us that the political wreckage all around us must be fixed and fixed quickly to get us out of a leaderless pandemic and restore our economy.

    We can fix it together in November with our greatest source of power, a power stronger than the worst dictator. We are a republic. We are the people. The power is in our hands.

Thursday, July 30, 2020

Past and Present


"won’t be long now it won’t be long

till earth is barren as the moon

and sapless as a mumbled bone”

    Don Marquis




I had never heard of Midwestern humorist Don Marquis until historian Ray Boomhower shared one of his poems.  The popular columnist created such characters as the Old Soak and Archy and Mehitabel.  Boomhower found a statement where Don Marquis claimed he would “look forward to a disreputable, vigorous, unhonoured, and disorderly old age” and, if called on, would “address public meetings in a vein of jocund malice.”  Alas, he died in 1937 at age 59.

 

A special issue of Bucknell’s alumni magazine was devoted to class disruptions during “Our Pandemic Spring.”  A sidebar documented previous disruptions during the Lewisburg, PA, university’s 174-year history.  For instance, classes were suspended for six weeks in 1863 as Rebel troops advanced toward Gettysburg; 36 students took part in the momentous battle. In 1918 the Spanish flu hit Pennsylvania particularly hard; classes continued with precautions, but several football games got cancelled, including one at the last minute against Penn State. Flooding of the nearby Susquehanna River in 1936, at which time students had to be rescued by canoe, caused suspension of classes and damaged residence halls and fraternity houses. In 1970 a student strike supported by faculty in protest over the invasion of Cambodia and the Kent State killings pressured the administration into cancelling classes for the week of May 4 for teach-ins and demonstrations.




Pioneer sociologist Max Weber, who died in 1920 at age 56 of complications brought on the flu, is most famous for his two-volume text “The Protestant Ethic and the ‘Spirit’ of Capitalism (1904-1905). In New York Review Peter E. Gordon wrote:

    In the United States today one often encounters the boastful claim that its citizens are the beneficiaries of a “Protestant work ethic,” as if this explained the power of American capitalism.  But Weber offered a more tragic view.  In his estimation the religiously inspired ethic of a calling had died out long ago, a casualty of the rationalization process it helped set in motion. Capitalism, Weber argued, now runs on its own, with machine-like indifference to all spiritual values.  Meanwhile, those who are caught in its mechanism are left with little more than a sense of mindless compulsion.

    Although Weber could not have anticipated the unfolding catastrophe of climate change or the environmental ravages that have attended the process of industrialization, he understood that capitalism’s unrestrained expansion across the planet could hardly be taken as a sign of social betterment or historical progress.
above, Perry and Aggie Bailey in 1910 with Flora, Maude, Oscar, and Ethel
below, Aggie holding baby, back, middle, circa 1918
“A Rural Family Near Roselawn, Indiana, 1923-1935, by Eleanor Bailey and Hettie Bailey Abbott describes the struggles of Perry and Aggie Bailey and their children, who rented a small farm without electricity, refrigeration, or air-conditioning located west of Roselawn in Lincoln Township. The couple wed in 1899 when Aggie was 17 years old.

    Coal oil lamps were used for lighting, washing done by hand. Putting food by for winter meant a lot of work in the summer. They planted a large truck patch to grow vegetables for the family and to sell in town. The cash crops were potatoes and strawberries. The potatoes had to be bugged by knocking the bugs off with a paddle or a stick into a can of old oil.  Eggs and butter were taken to Thayer once a week to trade for flour, sugar, rice and lamp oil. Perry grew and hybridized gladiolas and shipped some orders by rail.  Beans put in gunny sacks and hung up to dry. In the winter the bags were taken down and beaten with sticks so that the beans would pop out of the shells.

    When blackberries, raspberries and huckleberries were ripe, Aggie and her children would take a horse and buggy go to the woods and pick berries to can for the winter.  Canning was done without the convenience of a ready supply of hot water. Water had to be pumped, heated on the stove, the jars washed, scalded, filled and everything went back on the stove to be boiled again. Many hours went into the work of canning food for use in the winter.  Aggie’s father, Israel Cox, would butcher a hog; after the meat was prepared, he and wife Matilda would share it with other families.

    Entertainment was square dances on Saturday night. Model T’s would bring the families to a neighbor’s barn.  After a picnic lunch, younger children would be asleep before the dancing was over. Perry Bailey played the fiddle for most of the dances. He played a few times as a guest on WLS National Barn Dance in Chicago.

    During those years of Prohibition and gangsterism, John Dillinger was robbing banks and Al Capone was spending a lot of time in south Lake County, Indiana where he had a hideout at Wildwood near Schneider, Indiana. The intersection of State Routes 10 & 55, between Thayer and Roselawn, was called “Little Chicago.” At a corner gas station bootleg whiskey or homemade beer could be purchased.  Rowdy card games took place on Saturday nights. If the FBI agents were in the area, gunny sacks would be placed on the roads as a warning to bootleggers. During the Depression, many local men took jobs cutting willows out of the road ditches when State Road 10 was paved from Lake Village to the Illinois State Line.




Ray Smock wrote:

    Person, Woman, Man, Camera, TV: These five words will be part of the narrative of Donald Trump’s late stage unraveling. He bragged to Fox News medical reporter, Dr. Marc Siegel, that he aced the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test and then lied that the doctors were amazed that he was able to do what he did. In great detail, and with no embarrassment, and only pride in his personal accomplishment, the president seemed to be acting out a caricature of himself on Saturday Night Live. The president repeated the five words several times to prove he could do it. This feat proved to him, if no one else, that he was cognitive enough to be president of the United States. He is a good five-word guy. The doctors were amazed.

    Why, after watching Trump and bearing witness to his conduct for five years now, does my jaw still drop and my eyes pop out at this man’s behavior? The dark tragedy that is the Trump Administration has no bottom to it. As dark as it is, it somehow gets darker with each passing week. I thought the nation was in free fall when Trump was elected. But I underestimated how far we would fall, and, at first, I thought we had a parachute we could open into a lovely blue sky that had the word Constitution written across it in big bold letters. The Constitution would save us.


Joe Kernan


On the day of Congressman John Lewis’ funeral service attended by three former presidents (but not Trump), I learned that former Democratic governor of Indiana Joe Kernan passed away, sparking eulogies from Democrats and republicans who knew him alike.  He 1968 Notre Dame graduate piloted a plane shot down over Hanoi in May 1972 and was a POW for eleven months. He served three terms as mayor of South Bend and became governor when Frank O’Bannon died in office. Former Gary mayor Karen Freeman-Wilson recalled flying to a campaign appearance with Kernan and his joking that on one of his previous flights, he crash-landed in enemy territory.




Since I’ve been home these past months, I have been binge-watching the eight seasons of “Homeland,” starring Claire Danes as Carrie Mathison, an intrepid, bipolar CIA agent. Watching the series finale, I realized the perfect symmetry between the first episode, when an American POW appears to have been brainwashed by ISIS terrorists but overcomes what he’d been programmed to do, and denouement, after Carrie is released from eight months of captivity by the Russians. Like the series finale of “The Americans,” I found it gratifying and full of surprises.

Tuesday, July 7, 2020

Beds Are Burning


“How do we sleep

While our beds are burning

The time has come

To say fair's fair”

    Midnight Oil

Every time I hear Australian band Midnight Oil’s anthem on behalf of aborigine peoples I think back 25 years ago to an oral history conference in Brisbane where I learned that in my lifetime Native Australians were forcibly taken from their parents be the Aussie equivalent of Americanized by families free to treat them like servants. Just a generation or two before that native American children were shipped off to “Indian schools” like one in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where many died of tuberculosis and other contagious diseases while others were stripped of their long hair and native dress.
Bubba Wallace
The recent actions of Trump seem politically suicidal – what pundits said about many things he did four years ago.  Then he branded Mexican immigrants as rapists and murderers, now he’s defending Confederate statues, calling the noose found in Black NASCAR racer Bubba Watson’s garage a hoax, and ridiculing as “political correctness” the efforts to change the nicknames and logos of the Washington Redskins and the Cleveland Indians.  As a Washington football fan, I agree with the fan who thought the new logo could be the skin of a red potato.  Ray Smock worries that Trump’s strategy of holding onto his base could work if he can convince another 20 percent to stay home through smear tactics against his opponent or otherwise deny them the vote through various nefarious means. Trump has gotten away with so many lies, and like totalitarian rulers everywhere tries to brainwash followers into believing that any critical story in the mainstream press is suspect a HOAX.




Post-Trib contributor Jerry Davich wrote a column headlined: “Trump versus Biden, a disappointing decision for voters.”  I replied: “Wrong! It’s an obvious choice at a time when we need steady at the helm.  Trump will use any smear tactic to make people believe the candidates are equally “disappointing.”  It worked in 2016.

 


In the “Forum” section of the Sunday, July 5, Northwest Indiana Times appeared a column by Inez Feltscher Stepman (above) titled “Revisionist history tries to discredit rich legacy.” As a historian who holds the U.S. Constitution in high esteem, has no quarrel with July Fourth patriotic celebrations, and bemoans the excesses of those defacing monuments honoring George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln, I must take exception to her mischaracterization of revisionist historians who have attempted to redress gaps in the story of the American experience.  Stepman admits that the Founding Fathers, like men in all eras, were flawed and at times made terrible mistakes. Yet to claim, as she does, that the American Revolution was fought simply for liberty and independence is to ignore the complexities of history.  Foremost among the colonists’ grievances against Great Britain prior to 1776, along with taxation without representation and the quartering of foreign (Hessian) troops on American soil, was the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which prevented colonization beyond the Appalachians and reserved that territory for Native American tribes. So far as whether or not the Constitution was a slave document, one need look no further than the three-fifths compromise than gave slave states representation in the House of Representatives by counting their human property as that percentage of a human being.

 

In the 1960s I visited Monticello and Mount Vernon, as did thousands of tourists, and saw no evidence that Thomas Jefferson or George Washington were slaveholders.  School textbooks made no mention of Christopher Columbus having enslaved indigenous people and tended to emphasize States Rights rather than slavery as the underlying cause of the Civil War. Rather than disparaging educators and CEOs of Fortune 500 companies responsible for pressuring states to remove Confederate Battle flags and statues of rebel leaders from government property, including military installations, we should be celebrating this belated recognition that justice too long delayed is justice denied.  We can still celebrate the Fourth of July while finally acknowledging that Juneteenth is a more appropriate “Independence Day” for African Americans.  And, parenthetically, for the President to go the sacred (for Lakota people) Black Hills and label protestors looters and fascists while not even consulting with tribal leaders whose land, according to a 1980 Supreme Court decision, they are rightful guardians, and uttering nary a word about a pandemic that especially threatens poor people living in nearby areas is beyond obscene. Little wonder his pledge, if re-elected, to create a monument park honoring 25 American heroes contained not a single Hispanic or Native American.

 
I concede that the USA may have been a land of opportunity for Inez Feltscher Stepman, a self-described first-generation American; but I wish she showed a measure of compassion for the ancestors of people brought to our country in chains who still endure police harassment or understanding of acts by which our Founding Fathers, and Trump’s favorite President, Andrew Jackson, stole our land from the original inhabitants.

18th birthday


With the coronavirus spreading due to Trump’s incompetence, educators are grappling with how to deal with fall classes.  Unlike many private universities, IUN is in relatively good shape, having launched quality online “distance education” courses almost a decade ago. Granddaughter Becca missed the final month of her senior year and wonders whether she’ll be able to go off for college. Her friends at Chesterton H.S. have made due with, for example, a mini-prom outside with about 2 dozen classmates. She’s done other group activities and even held an outdoor party at home when unable to have her open house at the American Legion Hall.

Friday, June 19, 2020

Juneteenth


 "If you know whence you came, there is really no limit to how far you can go.”

    James Baldwin

 



On June 19, 1865, in Galveston, Texas, Union General Gordon Grange informed former slaves that they were free. Almost immediately, freedmen began celebrating Emancipation or Jubilee Day with festivals featuring food, songs, parades, and speeches.  Most states have declared Juneteenth a Day of Observance, and, ironically, Trump’s idiotic determination to hold a rally in Tulsa on Juneteenth brought national attention to the date and furthered a movement to have June 19 declared a national holiday.  Better, methinks, to press for national health insurance, a living minimum wage, and election day being a national holiday with no more voter suppression.
Chesterton Juneteenth march by John Luke


 
Robert Cotton
Angel Smith


An impressive crowd numbering in the hundreds participated in a Chesterton Juneteenth march from the police station to Centennial Park.  Organized by Chesterton High School English teacher Becky Uehling and others, it featured speeches by African-American Valparaiso city councilman Robert Cotton and a poetry reading by CHS grad Angel Smith, now a senior at Stanford. Though the temperature was in the mid-90s, I marched the final four blocks and found a seat in the shade.  Cotton recalled neighbors in the Chicago projects, where he grew up, mourning the deaths of John Kennedy and Martin Luther King.  Now in his 60s, he substitute teaches in several communities, including Chesterton, in order to expose himself to students who may never have had a black teacher. Attesting to the importance of history, Cotton confessed he didn't know about Juneteenth until he was in his 30s.

 

Richard Russo’s 2012 memoir “Elsewhere” describes growing up in a New York mill town that, in miniature, mirrored Gary, Indiana’s sad fate in the face of deindustrialization, mechanization, and globalization.  Russo’s hometown of Gloversville manufactured not only top-quality gloves but other leather goods. By the 1970s Gloversville commercial district had become, in Russo’s words, “a Dresden-like ruin,” but during the 1950s on a Saturday afternoon “the streets downtown would be gridlocked with cars honking hellos to pedestrians.” Like Gary’s Palace Theater Gloverville’s Glove Theatre would be packed with adolescents.  Russo recalled:

    Often, when we finished what we called our weekly “errands,” my mother and I would stop in at Pedrick’s.  Located next to City Hall, it was a dark cool place, the only establishment of my youth that was air-conditioned, with a long thin wall whose service window allowed sodas and cocktails to be passed from the often raucous bar into the more respectable restaurant.  Back then Pedrick’s was always mobbed, even in the middle of a Saturday afternoon. Mounted on the wall of each booth was a minijukebox whose movable mechanical pages were full of song listings.  Selections made here – five for a quarter, if memory serves – were played on a real jukebox on the far wall. We always played a whole quarter’s worth while nursing sodas served so cold they made my teeth hurt. Sometimes, though, the music was drowned out by rowdy male laughter from the bar, where the wall-mounted television was tuned to a Yankees ball game, and if anyone hit a home rum, everybody in the restaurant knew it immediately.

Russo lamented that by the time he graduated in 1967, “you could have strafed Main Street with an automatic weapon without endangering a soul.”  The restaurant area of Pedrick’s had closed, and the bar was “quiet as a library.”

 

Ray Smock wrote:

One of the news items that did not get a lot of attention but that drove home the depths of systemic racism, and the many guises it can take, was the announcement by Walmart that it would no longer keep black cosmetics and beauty supplies under lock and key. The following is from a story in the New York Times of June 10: “Walmart will end its practice of locking up African-American beauty care products in glass cases, the retail giant said on Wednesday after a fresh round of criticism that the policy was a form of racial discrimination. Hair care and beauty products sold predominantly to black people could be accessed at certain stores only by getting a Walmart employee to unlock the cases, some of which featured additional anti-theft measures.”

When Sears closed its Gary store during the 1970s, it was making a handsome profit; but with South Lake Mall opening, corporate executives figured African Americans would come to Merrillville whereas most whites wouldn’t shop in Gary.  The lame excuse they gave Mayor Richard Gordon Hatcher: shoplifting, something easily remedied.

 


Ray Boomhower referenced an article Robert L. Sherrod wrote for Time about the heroism of African-American marines during the invasion of Saipan in June 1944.  Although most were serving as ammunition carriers and in beachhead unloading parties, many found themselves forced into combat.  Boomhower wrote:

    When the Japanese counterattacked the Fourth Marine Division near Charan Kanoa, twelve African Americans were thrown into the defense line and offered a stiff resistance, killing fifteen of the enemy. Sherrod quoted a white marine lieutenant from Texas as commenting on the incident: “I watched these Negro boys carefully. They were under intense mortar and artillery fire as well as rifle and machine gun fire. I saw no Negro running away. They all kept advancing until the counterattack was stopped.”

    Other black marines volunteered to carry badly needed ammunition to frontline units and joined fellow marines in hunting down snipers. Sherrod added the African Americans were credited with being “the workingest men on Saipan, having performed prodigious feats of labor both while under fire and after beachheads were well secured. Some unloaded boats for three days, with little or no sleep, working in water up to waist deep.”

    What did not make it into Sherrod’s published Time article was a remark one of the black marines made upon seeing army troops begin to land on the island: “It must be safe. Here comes the army.” Later, Sherrod learned that Admiral Chester Nimitz’s command in Hawaii had refused to allow such a statement, remarking that “no correspondents’ stories will be approved which reflect on Army in comparison with Navy or Marines,” and his story had “flagrantly violated” the restriction. For his part, Sherrod said he had included the quote to show the “high state of morale among Negro Marines.”

 


Anne Koehler wrote:

The current storm over statues and what to do with them brings me to another story from my childhood. The Aschberg is the highest elevation for our area, which is just under 100 meters or roughly 300 feet. Here stands the 21-foot tall statue of Otto von Bismarck. He was the Reichschancellor under Kaiser Wilhelm II and played a significant role in the fact that my home area remained German and did not become part of the Danish Kingdom. The statue was built and first erected on the Knivsberg in North Schleswig. When that part of Schleswig-Holstein was ceded to Denmark in 1919 as a result of a plebiscite, the statue was dismantled and moved south. The head was sawed off to make it fit into the railroad carriage for transport. A lengthy odyssey ensued; at times it was stored in a warehouse, at others in a barn. Different locations competed for the statue. In 1930 it was erected in its current spot. Bismarck proudly leans on his sword, looking into the hilly landscape, marked by fields surrounded by hedgerows. The hedgerows prevent soil erosions from wind and house birds and animals as well as provide firewood. The Aschberg and Bismarck were favorite outing locations. Sports and other events took place there. As children we would climb up on the side of the statue and sit on the crown to the right side. After the second World War precious metal was stolen from the sword for scrap.

 

Paul Kern replied: “Bismarck’s unification of Germany through three wars and his authoritarian rule left a dubious legacy. The Second Reich was based on Prussian domination of the rest of Germany. Bismarck liked to have internal enemies, first the Catholics in the Kulturkampf and then the Social Democratic Party in the anti-socialist law, policies that left Germany deeply divided religiously and politically. It was no accident that the fifty-five years after Bismarck were catastrophic for Germany.”

 

In the Chesterton Tribune “Echoes of the Past” column this item from June 18, 1895, a time when the country was in the throes of a Depression as devastating as the 1930s disaster: “The tramp element is getting thicker than ever.  It is not an uncommon occurrence to se 125 or 20 men lying around the water tower and living off the fat of thase land.”  Prior to 1895 most social reformers, such  Jacob A. Riis, thought tramps were lazy bums who shirked work.  The economic calamity convinced him otherwise.


Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Edgewater


"Growing up in Edgewater, I was always aware of Lake Michigan's presence, whether it was the roar of the whitecaps from a blustery north wind or the smell of dead alewives rotting on the beach." John Laue 



                          Dorreen Carey with whitecaps and Chicago skyline in background
John Laue asked my advice on expanding the oral history of Edgewater, located near Lake Michigan just east of Gary’s Miller district in Porter County, that I had published in “Tales of Lake Michigan” Steel Shavings (volume 28, 1998).  He had written then that his family had moved there from Chicago in 1951 when he was six and that their log cabin was in a wooded area at the bottom of a large sand dune at the end of one-block-long Oak Place. In a new essay he wrote:

  The Edgewater community was a great place to grow up.  There were lots of Baby Boomer kids to play with, and wonderful places to explore.  Like most children of that era, we were able to leave our homes right after breakfast and not return until dinnertime during the summer. We spent hours playing in the woods, wetlands, sand dunes, and white sand beaches along the Lake Michigan shoreline.   We built forts in the woods, played baseball and football in the sand, and swam in the lake. 

    My friends and I learned how to adapt our sports activities to our unique dunes environment.  For example, we played hours and hours of baseball on a field of sand where we quickly learned how to hit a baseball in the air instead of on the ground.  A ground ball, on matter how hard it was hit, would only travel a few feet in the soft sand.  So we learned how to hit line drives, fly balls and pop-ups…any ball hit in the air was better than hitting it on the ground.     In the fall, we played tackle football on the top of a nearby sand dune.  Even though I was very small and skinny (5’6”, 125 lbs.), I never got hurt playing tackle football.  We need shoulder pads or any other equipment because the soft sand provided a nice cushion for tackling.  As one of the smaller and quicker kids on the field, I usually ran my way out of trouble, but I remember one time someone hitting me so hard at the line of scrimmage that I was thrown into the air and fell to the ground with a thud.  Except for some sand in my mouth and some wounded pride, I wasn’t hurt at all, and I don’t remember anyone else ever getting seriously injured either.

    One of the amazing things about sand dunes is their regenerative power and their movement from one place to another.  Any evidence of the sand lots where we played baseball and football 50 years ago have been covered over by large sand dunes covered with Miriam grass.  The Indiana sand dunes are constantly shifting and moving.  The sand dune where we played football as kids has now moved south into an oak forest, burying large trees and everything else in its path.  It’s no coincidence that the always shifting sand dunes and constantly changing environment become the birthplace of the science of ecology.




Laue (above) noted that several strip clubs existed o Route 20 in Gary near and even within the boundaries of what became Indiana Dunes National Park. I recall a prominent attorney being killed when he stopped to turn left into Dante’s Inferno and his car being plowed into from behind.  Laue wrote:

   I still remember the excitement and anticipation of walking into Dante’s Inferno, as it was called back then.  The girls would hustle you for drinks between their turns on the dance floor, and if you had some decent cash in your pocket, you could invite one of them to join you in one of the booths way in the back of the lounge where they could titillate you and took more of your money.  This bar has gone through several makeovers and name changes. After Dante’s Inferno, it was renamed The Scuttlebutt.  Through all these name changes, the scene inside remains the same.  There’s always a big, tough-looking bouncer at the door to check your ID, and, depending on the time of day, the girls are inside walking around with vacant, cokehead stares, looking to sit down and hustle some drinks and money out of you.


John Laue asked me to write down memories of living in the disappearing community of Edgewater, now part of the Indiana Dunes National Park.  While renting a house in Miller, we looked for one to buy that would not be close to Lake Michigan, with a decent yard, and not badly in need of repair.  After a two-year search, realtor Gene Ayers showed us one in good shape just east of County Line Road at 9649 Maple Place in a wooded area just a few blocks from the lake with an adequate yard.  Voila!  I loved it and didn’t mind that the federal government intended to buy it and offer us a 20-year leaseback.  When that happened, we made enough of a profit that it paid the total cost of the leaseback, meaning we had a free house for 20 years, later extended.  We wouldn’t have any equity but were able to buy savings bonds for what we’d have been paying for rent. The previous owners, two former nuns, had hoped to convert the garage into living quarters for one of their fathers, but it hadn’t panned out.  After we moved in, one of them drove up Maple Place and parked at the bottom of the driveway several times but would quickly depart when we’d see if she wanted to look around.  We subsequently learned that she was miffed that we had gotten a better deal from the park department that she’d been offered. About ten years later, a daughter of the original owner stopped by and was delighted when we offered to let her come in.  Built after World War II, the house was her childhood home and she recalled Phil’s bedroom once being hers and watching Elvis on TV in the front room.


At the time we moved in, most Maple Place residents were moving out, having accepted the government’s offer to pay for them to purchase another house and moving expenses.  A neighbor across the street left many boxes of trash.  Scavenger that he was, Phil found Christmas tree bulbs and a Ku Klux Klan pin and robe.  In retrospect, I should have kept the pin for the Archives but told him to get rid of them. Neighbors in back of us had three boys, including a pot smoker who enjoyed lighting up and playing Rush albums at full volume outside while he washed his car.  For a year or so, Dean and Joanell lived next door; we became friends and even more so after they moved to a farm near Valpo where they raised goats and a bee colony. Down the street from us was a “mystery” cabin that appeared to be used by long distance truckers.


Although our yard was rather small, we played wiffleball even though if a righthander pulled the ball, it was liable to go over the hill into the ravine.  You really had to loft the ball to get it over the centerfield trees and then it was likely to go on the neighbors’ roof. We didn’t run the bases but designated what were singles, doubles, and home runs.  After the Bottorff property was returned to nature, the boys invented a wiffleball golf course with six different holes and three different places to tee off for each one.  In winter we sometimes went sledding on the access road.  Even though we had a Gary mailing address and phone number, being in Porter County reduced our insurance substantially and enabled Phil and Dave to attend Portage schools and play Little League baseball.  During snowstorms Portage street department took good care of us despise our remote location.  At Christmas and Easter Toni caked cakes that I took to street department headquarters.


Through John Laue, who lived two blocks down (toward the lake) from us, I got to know his dad Gib, a poet, and artist Dale Fleming, who had an intricate train platform in his house.  One of John’s neighbors was Joyce Davis, who came to own Lake Street gallery.  Our friend Sheila Hamanaka moved into a place formerly owned by a prominent Chicago conductor.  A friendly dog belonging to an attorney roamed the neighborhood and beyond, once venturing a mile into Miller and befriending Dave and Angie when they rented a house on Shelby and Lake Shore Drive.


Our Maple Place home had a fireplace room and plenty of wood outside that I could scavenge and chop or cut with a chain saw and a finished rec room where we played ping pong and often used as a guest room.  Upstairs were three bedrooms and a large family room; the only drawback was its distance from the kitchen, but a small fridge relieved the need for beer runs.  During the 35 years that we lived “on the hill,” we had as many as 15 people sleep over when relatives visited or after parties.  Our pets, especially Marvin the cat, loved being able to roam outside and learned to steer clear of raccoons and deer.  Whenever a feral cat came on our property, however, Marvin got in a fight to protect his turf, usually resulting in his needing to be taken to the vet, something he hated so much we had to cage him in order to get him in and out of the car.



Seeing my Facebook post, Dean Bottorff, who was an editor at the Post-Tribune, wrote:          I have many fond memories of Maple Place, Miller and working in Gary. Too often people think of Gary negatively in terms of crime and urban decay but I actually had some of the best times of my life there. I loved the diversity in Gary and Northwest Indiana and making friends with a broad range of different backgrounds. “Urban” people like you greatly contributed to the vast range of new experiences for this guy from the rural, Western state of South Dakota. Memories include everything from watching pierogi made by little old ladies at a Glen Park church to smelt fishing on the beach at 2 a.m. to riding my bicycle to work from Maple Place to 11th and Broadway.
    I prefer to remember the good times and some of the best might be considered dangerous ... like the time Knightly and I went into a blind pig on Washington Street at 2 am when a couple of pimps almost got into a gunfight. Or the time Galloway went on an interview and Tom and I posed as his body guards.



Trump seems incapable of holding a press conference without lying and demeaning reporters, first by insisting that anyone who wants a Covid-19 test can get one and then by insulting Weijia Jang.  West Virginian Ray Smock wrote:

    Trump stormed off the platform, ending the briefing suddenly, when CBS reporter Weijia Jiang asked a perfectly reasonable question about why the president keeps casting this pandemic as a global competition among nations. He shot back that she should ask China that question. She lowered her mask and asked why he was asking this of her. He replied that her question was nasty and ended the briefing. This is not the first time Trump has tangled with Jiang, a distinguished American journalist of Chinese ancestry who was raised in Wild and Wonderful West Virginia.


The latest Facebook fad is to post covers of one’s ten favorite albums a day at a time.  After former student and now friend George Sladic nominated me to participate, I began the daily ritual with this remark:

    OK, George Sladic, here's my favorite power pop album, "Present Tense" by The Shoes. Saw them at a small club near O'Hare Airport circa 1982 and a year ago at Memorial Opera House in Valpo.


Among my friends, albums by the Ramones, Tom Petty, and the Beatles have been popular choices, so I put off listing any of them for the moment. Here’s my day 2 choice and remarks:

I've been a Graham Parker fan ever since he recorded "Squeezing Out Sparks," featuring "Nobody Hurts You," "Passion Is No Ordinary Word," and "Don't Get Excited," with The Rumour in 1979. Toni and I saw Graham-bo at the Vic Theater in Chicago with Terry and Kin Hunt. He's also in the under-rated movie "This Is 40."


Inspired in part by the death of legendary rocker Little Richard, whose singles I collected in high school, Here is my day 3 choice and commentary:

    The first album I ever bought was "What'd I Say" by Ray Charles. In the 1950s I bought .45s by Rock and Rollers Chuck Berry, Fats Domino, Jerry Lee Lewis, Eddie Cochran, Little Richard, and others that I played on an inexpensive record player in my room. After hearing "What'd I Say" I wanted to listen to any Ray Charles song I could get my hands on, and my second album were songs recorded live in concert with his full band and the Raelettes. Awesome!


Stevie Kokos recalled what a thrill it was to have Ray Charles perform at the Holiday Star, where he worked for many years.  Connie Mack-Ward wrote that one of her first albums was “The Genius of Ray Charles” and she saw him perform live at one of Gary mayor Richard Hatcher’s “Evening to Remember” fundraisers.


 1973 was a great year for albums - "Band on the Run," "Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, "Innervisions," "Dark Side of the Moon" - but I loved to rock out to the Doobie Brothers' "The Captain and Me," which leads off with "China Grove." In Paul Kern and my history of IU Northwest Milan Andrejevich recalled: "My parents took a lot of vacations, so I'd have parties. Lane loved to dance and was always trying to put on China Grove."






Milan and Marsha Andrejevich introduced me to David Bowie and several New Wave groups, including the Police and the Romantics. When I stayed with Terry and Gayle Jenkins in1980 while attending my twentieth high school reunion, I gave them the Romantics album that contains “What I Like about You,” and he three of us dance together. A couple years after the Romantics were out of fashion, I saw them in concert at Valparaiso in front of a few hundred people and they rocked out like they were playing for tens of thousands.
Ray Boomhower wrote about a little-known campaign to retake Alaska’s Aleutian Islands from the Japanese:

    On this day in 1943, men from the Seventh Infantry Division landed on Attu in the Aleutian Islands to wrest it from control from Japanese forces, who had taken Attu and Kiska as part of the Battle of Midway. American soldiers were hampered in their attempt to win back the treeless, volcanic island by inadequate clothing, perpetual pea-soup fog, icy rain, blinding snow, sudden gale-force winds (called williwaws), and boggy terrain. A sergeant remembered that while fighting in Attu’s mountainous terrain, conditions were so severe that, even when unconscious, wounded men’s bodies “trembled violently from the cold.”

    Time correspondent Robert L. Sherrod covered the Aleutian campaign, arriving on Attu on May 25. Attu was no “taxicab war,” said Sherrod. “The only way to get to the battle lines was to walk over mountains where a mile an hour was fair speed.
To keep warm, the
reporters and cameramen on Attu dressed in one to three sets of underwear, a field jacket, parka, sweaters, woolen cap beneath their helmet, two or more pairs of woolen socks, shoepacs (special cold-weather footwear) or
leather boots, and raincoats.”

    Uncomfortable conditions, to be sure, Sherrod said, but “looking at the suffering infantrymen and the supply carriers who had to take loads up steep mountains and the little carriers who had to bear the wounded down [from the mountains], we could not feel very put out.”

    Many of those fighting in the snow-covered mountain peaks became “so cold and miserable,” he said, “they didn’t give a damn whether they lived or died,” Sherrod reported. One soldier told Sherrod that he had been cold for so long he no longer believed “there is any warmth left in the world. I have not been able to wiggle my toes for more than ten days.”

Correspondents could honestly write in their dispatches, Sherrod noted, that not “since Valley Forge have American troops suffered so much” and finally mean it, and they could view their colleagues in London, Algiers, Melbourne, and even Moscow as “sissies.”

Early in World War II, Sherrod had wondered if American soldiers had what it took to win the war. He had been encouraged by what he witnessed from the soldiers on Attu. “In this primitive, man-against-man fighting enough of our men rose up to win,” he said.  Sherrod also learned a valuable lesson he remembered as he covered subsequent campaigns: “not all soldiers are heroes—far from it; the army that wins, other things being fairly equal, is the army which has enough men to rise above duty, thus inspiring others to do their duty.”